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7 CHAPTER 7: INJURIES AND TRAUMA

INJURIES AND TRAUMA

Two female medical doctors helping in a car accident

In “Health Spanish,” understanding the terminology related to injuries and trauma is essential for effective communication between healthcare providers and Spanish-speaking patients. This chapter introduces common types of injuries and trauma, including fractures, burns, traumatic brain injuries, and soft tissue injuries such as sprains and strains. We will also discuss the mechanisms of injury, including falls, motor vehicle accidents, and sports-related incidents.

The aim of this chapter is to provide healthcare professionals with a foundational understanding of the assessment and management of trauma, from initial evaluation to treatment options. It covers key diagnostic tools and interventions, ensuring that you are equipped to address both the physical and psychological impacts of injuries and trauma. Developing a strong vocabulary in this area is crucial for clear explanations during patient consultations and when discussing treatment plans.

What to find in this Chapter 

In the Injuries and Trauma chapter, you’ll explore essential terminology and concepts for discussing trauma care with Spanish-speaking patients. This chapter covers common injuries, such as fractures, burns, traumatic brain injuries, and soft tissue injuries like sprains and strains. It also explains various mechanisms of injury, including falls, motor vehicle accidents, and sports injuries.

You’ll gain insight into the assessment and management of trauma, from initial evaluation to treatment, including both physical and psychological aspects. The chapter introduces diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, helping you confidently communicate with Spanish-speaking patients about their injuries, explain procedures, and discuss treatment plans.

The chapter’s vocabulary and communication activities focus on reinforcing medical Spanish in trauma care. Activities include vocabulary matching exercises, role-plays simulating real-life scenarios in settings like ski resorts and ambulances, and translation challenges covering topics like trauma assessment and injury prevention. By mastering this specialized vocabulary, you’ll be prepared to offer clear, effective care and support patient outcomes when handling trauma and injury cases.

 

Vocabulary Activities:

1. Recognizing and understanding words for injuries and trauma

Objective:

The goal of this activity is to improve participants’ ability to understand and communicate key terms related to injuries and trauma in Spanish. By matching symptoms, treatments, and diagnostic methods of trauma-related conditions listed in column A with their correct translations in column B, participants can enhance their medical vocabulary. This exercise will help them effectively engage with Spanish-speaking patients when discussing conditions like fractures, concussions, and burns. The activity aims to familiarize participants with essential terminology, enabling clear and accurate communication in healthcare settings when addressing trauma and injury-related issues.

Instructions:

Match the elements of Trauma and Injury terminology in Spanish in column A with the correct translation in English in column B.

A                                                                                                 B

1.       Trauma 1.       Quemadura: Lesión en los tejidos causada por calor, químicos, electricidad o radiación.
2.       Injury 2.       Esguince: Estiramiento o desgarro de ligamentos que sostienen una articulación.
3.       Epidemiology 3.       Compartment syndrome (Síndrome compartimental): Aumento de la presión en un compartimento muscular que reduce el flujo sanguíneo y daña los tejidos.
4.       Incidence 4.       Factores de riesgo: Condiciones o comportamientos que aumentan la probabilidad de sufrir una enfermedad o lesión.
5.       Prevalence 5.       Rehabilitación: Proceso de recuperación física y emocional tras una lesión o enfermedad.
6.       Risk factors 6.       Morbimortalidad: Combinación de las tasas de enfermedad (morbilidad) y muerte (mortalidad).
7.       Blunt force 7.       Hipovolemia: Disminución del volumen sanguíneo en el cuerpo, lo que puede llevar a un shock.
8.       Penetrating 8.       Género: Características relacionadas con el sexo de una persona que pueden influir en las tasas de lesión.
9.       Fracture 9.       Conmoción cerebral: Lesión cerebral por un golpe fuerte en la cabeza, que afecta el funcionamiento cerebral.
10.  Contusion 10.  Prevención: Acciones o medidas tomadas para evitar que ocurran lesiones o enfermedades.
11.  Concussion 11.  Estado socioeconómico: Nivel de ingresos, educación y ocupación de una persona que puede afectar su riesgo de sufrir lesiones.
12.  Dislocation 12.  Caídas: Desplome accidental que puede causar lesiones graves.
13.  Sprain 13.  Pruebas diagnósticas: Herramientas utilizadas para evaluar el tipo y la gravedad de una lesión.
14.  Strain 14.  Lesiones deportivas: Daños sufridos durante la práctica de deportes.
15.  Burn 15.  Escala de Coma de Glasgow: Herramienta usada para medir el nivel de conciencia de un paciente tras una lesión cerebral.
16.  Wound 16.  Primeros auxilios: Atención inmediata y básica brindada a una persona lesionada antes de recibir atención médica profesional.
17.  Hemorrhage 17.  Incidencia: Número de casos nuevos de una enfermedad o lesión en un período de tiempo.
18.  Shock 18.  Contusión: Lesión por golpe que daña los tejidos, causando moretones.
19.  Respiratory failure 19.  Edad: Factor demográfico relacionado con la posibilidad de sufrir lesiones.
20.  Hypovolemia 20.  Cinturón de seguridad: Dispositivo de seguridad que sujeta al ocupante de un vehículo en caso de accidente.
21.  Compartment syndrome 21.  Dislocación: Desplazamiento anormal de un hueso de su articulación.
22.  Sepsis 22.  Shock: Condición médica grave debido a la falta de flujo sanguíneo adecuado a los órganos vitales.
23.  Mortality 23.  Mortalidad: Tasa o cantidad de muertes en una población.
24.  Morbidity 24.  Epidemiología: Estudio de la distribución y determinantes de las enfermedades en poblaciones.
25.  Disability 25.  Limitaciones funcionales: Dificultades para realizar actividades diarias debido a una lesión o enfermedad.
26.  Chronic pain 26.  TEPT (Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático): Condición psicológica que surge después de experimentar un evento traumático.
27.  PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) 27.  Salud pública: Disciplina que se enfoca en proteger y mejorar la salud de la comunidad.
28.  Cognitive impairment 28.  Ambiente: Condiciones físicas o sociales que pueden contribuir a las lesiones.
29.  Functional limitations 29.  Triage: Método de evaluación rápida en situaciones de emergencia para determinar el nivel de gravedad de la lesión.
30.  Rehabilitation 30.  Trauma: Daño físico o psicológico causado por un evento violento o estresante.
31.  Prevention 31.  Fractura: Ruptura o fisura de un hueso.
32.  Seat belt 32.  Reanimación con líquidos: Técnica para restaurar el volumen de sangre perdido mediante la administración de líquidos intravenosos.
33.  Helmet 33.  Discapacidad: Limitación física o mental que afecta la capacidad de una persona para realizar actividades cotidianas.
34.  Falls 34.  Registro de trauma: Sistema de recolección de datos que monitorea y mejora la atención de los pacientes traumatizados.
35.  Motor vehicle accidents 35.  Hemorragia: Sangrado excesivo dentro o fuera del cuerpo.
36.  Sports injuries 36.  Prevalencia: Número total de casos existentes de una enfermedad o lesión en una población.
37.  Age 37.  Triángulo de evaluación: Método de evaluación rápida en situaciones de emergencia.
38.  Gender 38.  Deterioro cognitivo: Reducción en la capacidad mental, como la memoria o el pensamiento.
39.  Socioeconomic status 39.  Diagnóstico: Evaluación médica para identificar enfermedades o lesiones.
40.  Environment 40.  ABC de trauma: Método para evaluar y manejar pacientes traumatizados.
41.  Public health 41.  Lesión penetrante: Herida causada por objetos que atraviesan la piel.
42.  Safety regulations 42.  Fractura: Ruptura o fisura en un hueso.
43.  First aid 43.  Cinturón de seguridad: Accesorio de seguridad en vehículos que ayuda a proteger en accidentes.
44.  Triage 44.  Hemorragia: Sangrado anormal o excesivo, tanto interno como externo.
45.  Trauma registry 45.  Sistema de clasificación de lesiones: Métodos para categorizar la gravedad de las heridas y lesiones.
46.  Immobilization 46.  Circulación: Proceso de circulación sanguínea vital para el transporte de oxígeno.
47.  Fluid resuscitation 47.  Pérdida de consciencia: Inconsciencia temporal, relacionada con eventos traumáticos o lesión física.
48.  Diagnostic tests 48.  Factores sociales: Impactos sociales derivados de traumas, accidentes, y daños físicos
49.  ABCDE approach 49.  Quemadura: Lesión en los tejidos causada por calor, químicos, electricidad o radiación.
50.  Glasgow Coma Scale 50.  Esguince: Estiramiento o desgarro de ligamentos que sostienen una articulación.

2. Recognizing and understanding words for classification of injuries and trauma

Objective:

The goal of this activity is to improve participants’ ability to understand and communicate key terms related to classification of injuries and trauma in Spanish. By matching the mechanisms of injury, types of trauma, and severity classifications listed in column A with their correct translations in column B, participants can enhance their medical vocabulary. This exercise will help them effectively engage with Spanish-speaking patients when discussing conditions like blunt force trauma, fractures, and burns. The activity aims to familiarize participants with essential terminology, enabling clear and accurate communication in healthcare settings when addressing trauma and injury-related issues.

Instructions:

Match the elements of Injury and Trauma Classification terminology in Spanish in column A with the questions in English in column B.

A                                                                                                      B

1.       Traumatismo: Daño físico causado por una fuerza externa. 1.       How are soft tissue injuries like sprains and strains typically managed?
2.       Fuerza contundente: Lesión causada por un impacto sin penetración de la piel. 2.       What is a subdural hematoma and why is it dangerous?
3.       Lesión penetrante: Lesión causada por un objeto que atraviesa la piel y tejidos. 3.       How is a penetrating injury typically caused?
4.       Accidente automovilístico: Colisión o incidente que involucra vehículos motorizados. 4.       What are the signs of a vascular injury after trauma?
5.       Caídas: Desplome accidental que provoca lesiones. 5.       How does a deceleration injury occur, and in what types of accidents?
6.       Quemaduras: Lesiones en los tejidos causadas por calor, químicos, o electricidad. 6.       What is the purpose of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in trauma care?
7.       Lesiones deportivas: Daños sufridos durante la práctica de deportes. 7.       How is hypovolemic shock treated in trauma patients?
8.       Fractura: Ruptura o fisura de un hueso. 8.       What are the challenges of treating a patient with multi-system trauma?
9.       Dislocación: Desplazamiento anormal de un hueso de su articulación. 9.       How can cerebral edema develop after a head injury?
10.  Esguince: Estiramiento o desgarro de ligamentos. 10.  What are the most frequent injuries caused by falls?
11.  Distensión muscular: Estiramiento o desgarro de fibras musculares. 11.  How does a closed fracture differ from an open one?
12.  Herida abierta: Corte o laceración que afecta la piel. 12.  How are second-degree burns treated, and how do they heal?
13.  Contusión: Lesión por golpe que causa moretones. 13.  What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and how is it assessed?
14.  Concusión: Lesión cerebral causada por un golpe en la cabeza. 14.  What is a pneumothorax and how is it treated?
15.  Lesión cervical: Daño a la columna cervical, generalmente por accidentes de tráfico. 15.  How is a renal injury treated after blunt trauma?
16.  Traumatismo craneoencefálico: Lesión grave en el cráneo y cerebro. 16.  What is the difference between a stress fracture and other fractures?
17.  Amputación: Pérdida de una extremidad por lesión traumática. 17.  How are third-degree burns life-threatening?
18.  Trauma abdominal: Lesión que afecta los órganos internos del abdomen. 18.  What is an abrasion, and how does it differ from a laceration?
19.  Hemorragia interna: Sangrado dentro del cuerpo que no es visible externamente. 19.  How does blunt force trauma differ from other types of injuries?
20.  Shock hipovolémico: Estado crítico causado por pérdida de sangre. 20.  What are the signs of internal bleeding after trauma?
21.  Síndrome de aplastamiento: Lesión causada por compresión prolongada de los músculos. 21.  What are the symptoms of an ankle sprain?
22.  Fractura conminuta: Hueso roto en múltiples fragmentos. 22.  What is the pathophysiology of crush syndrome?
23.  Fractura abierta: Ruptura ósea donde el hueso perfora la piel. 23.  How is a fracture treated in trauma care?
24.  Fractura cerrada: Ruptura ósea sin perforación de la piel. 24.  What is the role of debridement in wound management?
25.  Fractura por estrés: Pequeñas fisuras en los huesos debido a sobrecarga repetitiva. 25.  What is a traumatic eye injury, and how is it treated?
26.  Lesión medular: Daño a la médula espinal que puede causar parálisis. 26.  What are some common post-surgical complications after trauma?
27.  Quemadura de primer grado: Lesión que afecta solo la capa externa de la piel. 27.  What causes a spinal cord injury, and how does it lead to paralysis?
28.  Quemadura de segundo grado: Lesión que afecta las capas más profundas de la piel. 28.  How is a muscle strain diagnosed and treated?
29.  Quemadura de tercer grado: Destrucción completa de todas las capas de la piel. 29.  What is the healing process for first-degree burns?
30.  Abrasión: Rasguño superficial en la piel. 30.  How is a dislocation treated differently than a fracture?
31.  Laceración: Herida profunda con bordes irregulares. 31.  What is the definition of trauma in a medical context?
32.  Avulsión: Desprendimiento de una parte del cuerpo, como piel o tejido. 32.  How is an open wound treated to prevent infection?
33.  Lesión por aplastamiento: Daño causado por la compresión de una parte del cuerpo. 33.  What is a comminuted fracture, and how is it different from a simple fracture?
34.  Lesión ocular traumática: Daño físico al ojo por un golpe o impacto. 34.  What are the risks of a cervical injury?
35.  Lesión por desaceleración: Daño causado por la desaceleración rápida del cuerpo, común en accidentes automovilísticos. 35.  How does a motor vehicle accident typically result in injuries?
36.  Escala de Severidad de Lesiones (ISS): Sistema de clasificación de la gravedad de las lesiones. 36.  How is resuscitation performed in patients with severe trauma?
37.  Escala Abreviada de Lesiones (AIS): Herramienta utilizada para medir la gravedad de una lesión específica. 37.  What is a contusion, and how does it develop?
38.  Trauma multisistémico: Lesión que afecta múltiples sistemas del cuerpo. 38.  What are the dangers associated with an open fracture?
39.  Complicaciones posquirúrgicas: Problemas que surgen después de una cirugía tras un trauma. 39.  What is the difference between a laceration and an avulsion?
40.  Edema cerebral: Hinchazón del cerebro debido a un trauma. 40.  Why is immobilization important in treating fractures and dislocations?
41.  Neumotórax: Colapso pulmonar debido a la acumulación de aire en la cavidad torácica. 41.  How is the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) used to evaluate trauma severity?
42.  Lesión de tejidos blandos: Daño a músculos, ligamentos, y tendones. 42.  What is an avulsion injury, and what tissues are typically affected?
43.  Lesión vascular: Daño a los vasos sanguíneos, causando hemorragia interna o externa. 43.  How can a hemothorax develop, and how is it treated?
44.  Lesión renal traumática: Daño a los riñones por impacto o golpe. 44.  How does a burn affect different layers of the skin?
45.  Hematoma subdural: Acumulación de sangre entre el cerebro y la capa externa del cráneo. 45.  How does an amputation due to trauma affect a patient’s recovery?
46.  Hemotórax: Acumulación de sangre en la cavidad torácica. 46.  What steps are taken to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest after trauma?
47.  Paro cardiorrespiratorio: Detención del corazón y los pulmones tras un trauma severo. 47.  How is a laceration treated to prevent infection?
48.  Inmovilización: Técnica para mantener una parte lesionada del cuerpo sin movimiento. 48.  What are the complications of a crush injury?
49.  Desbridamiento: Limpieza quirúrgica de una herida para eliminar tejido muerto o infectado. 49.  What is the best way to manage a wound in the case of trauma?
50.  Reanimación: Técnicas para revivir a un paciente que ha sufrido un trauma severo, como la resucitación cardiopulmonar. 50.  What is a concussion, and how does it affect brain function?

 

Communication activities:

1. Role Play Activity: Communication Activity: First Responders in a Ski Resort

Objective:

Students will work as first responders in an infirmary at a ski resort in Argentina. They must collaboratively create a written guidance document in Spanish about the assessment and management of trauma based on the following medical information.

Instructions:

  1. Context:

    You are part of a team of first responders working at an infirmary in a ski resort in Argentina. Your task is to prepare a written guide in Spanish on how to assess and manage trauma accidents. This guide will be used by your team to quickly and efficiently address emergencies involving injuries from ski accidents.

  2. Content to Include:A. Evaluación Primaria (Primary Assessment):
    • Describe the steps of the ABCDE approach:
      • A: Control de la vía aérea (Airway management).
      • B: Evaluación de la respiración (Breathing assessment).
      • C: Evaluación de la circulación (Circulation assessment).
      • D: Evaluación del estado neurológico (Disability assessment).
      • E: Control de la exposición y el ambiente (Exposure and environmental control).
    B. Evaluación Secundaria (Secondary Assessment):
    • Detalla los componentes de la evaluación secundaria:
      • Examen físico completo de pies a cabeza (Head-to-toe examination).
      • Historia clínica detallada y recopilación de antecedentes (Focused history taking).
      • Monitorización de signos vitales (Vital signs monitoring).
    C. Evaluación Diagnóstica (Diagnostic Evaluation):
    • Explica las pruebas diagnósticas más comunes:
      • Estudios de imagen (X-rays, CT scans, ultrasound).
      • Pruebas de laboratorio (Complete blood count, electrolyte panel).
      • Escalas clínicas como la escala de coma de Glasgow (Glasgow Coma Scale).
    D. Tratamiento e Intervenciones (Treatment and Interventions):
    • Describe los principios del manejo del trauma:
      • Control de la vía aérea (Airway management).
      • Control de hemorragias (Hemorrhage control).
      • Reanimación con líquidos (Fluid resuscitation).
      • Manejo del dolor (Pain management).
      • Inmovilización de lesiones (Immobilization of injuries).
    • Discute intervenciones quirúrgicas como:
      • Laparotomía exploratoria, fijación ortopédica, desbridamiento de heridas.
      • Métodos no quirúrgicos (Non-operative management approaches).

  3. Steps to Complete the Activity:

    • Form groups of 3-4 students.
    • Research any unfamiliar terms or concepts in Spanish to ensure accurate communication.
    • Write your guide in a clear, concise format so it can be easily understood by all team members.
    • Submit your guide as a PDF or Word document.

2. Role Play Activity: First Responders in an Ambulance

Objective:

Students will act as first responders working in an ambulance, tasked with creating a written guidance document in Spanish for assessing and managing complications and outcomes of trauma during emergency transportation.

Instructions:
  1. Context:

    You are part of an ambulance team responding to trauma emergencies. Your task is to develop a guide in Spanish for your team to use in handling trauma patients during transport. The guide should cover potential complications and outcomes to be aware of, enabling the team to make informed decisions during critical moments.

  2. Content to Include:A. Complicaciones a Corto Plazo (Short-term Complications):
    • Identifica complicaciones comunes a corto plazo en pacientes con trauma:
      • Hemorragia (Hemorrhage).
      • Shock hipovolémico (Hypovolemic shock).
      • Insuficiencia respiratoria (Respiratory failure).
      • Síndrome compartimental (Compartment syndrome).
      • Sepsis (Sepsis).

    B. Secuelas a Largo Plazo (Long-term Sequelae):

    • Discute las posibles secuelas a largo plazo que los pacientes con trauma pueden enfrentar:
      • Dolor crónico (Chronic pain).
      • Discapacidad (Disability).
      • Trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) (Post-traumatic stress disorder – PTSD).
      • Deterioro cognitivo (Cognitive impairment).
      • Limitaciones funcionales (Functional limitations).

    C. Mortalidad y Morbilidad (Mortality and Morbidity):

    • Proporciona datos sobre las tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad relacionadas con el trauma:
      • Discute los factores que influyen en los resultados de los pacientes:
        • Edad (Age).
        • Gravedad de las lesiones (Injury severity).
        • Condiciones preexistentes (Pre-existing conditions).
  3. Steps to Complete the Activity:
    • Form groups of 3-4 students.
    • Use reliable medical resources to research the information in Spanish.
    • Write your guide in a format suitable for quick reference in an emergency setting.
    • Ensure the guide is clear, concise, and focuses on actionable information for ambulance staff.
    • Submit your document as a PDF or Word file

Translation Challenge

1. Assessment of trauma care

  1. Translate the provided English text into Spanish.

Assessment is a crucial aspect of trauma care, as it allows healthcare workers to identify life-threatening conditions and guide immediate interventions quickly. Trauma injuries can vary widely in severity, ranging from minor to life-threatening. Without timely and accurate assessments, complications can develop that may worsen patient outcomes.

The primary assessment follows the ABCDE approach—airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure—which helps healthcare providers prioritize urgent needs such as securing the airway, controlling hemorrhage, and ensuring effective ventilation.

However, trauma injuries also pose several dangers that require careful monitoring. Complications such as hypovolemic shock, respiratory failure, and compartment syndrome can arise rapidly, threatening a patient’s survival. Sepsis is another life-threatening complication that can occur if infections are not promptly identified and managed. Additionally, long-term effects such as chronic pain, disability, and psychological conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life after the initial trauma.

For healthcare workers, early and thorough assessment is essential not only to prevent these complications but also to reduce mortality and long-term morbidity. Understanding the underlying risks associated with trauma—such as the patient’s age, injury severity, and pre-existing conditions—can inform appropriate treatment and improve patient outcomes. Effective trauma care relies on swift and decisive actions that are rooted in a comprehensive understanding of both the immediate and long-term risks posed by trauma injuries.

2 Discussing Translation Challenges

  1. Translation Difficulties Discussion: Discuss the challenges you encountered while translating the paragraph in pairs or small groups. Consider intricacies related to medical terms, cultural concepts, and maintaining the original meaning.
  2. Comparison and Analysis:
    • Classmate 1: Review their translation and identify any differences or similarities compared to your own. Note any distinct phrasing or choices they made.
    • Classmate 2: Analyze their translation and pinpoint any variations in wording, tone, or structure compared to your translation.
    • Classmate 3: Evaluate their translation, focusing on differences or similarities in conveying the original paragraph’s nuances and meaning.
    • Classmate 4: Examine their translation, highlighting any unique approaches or word choices that deviate from your version.

3.  Sharing Insights

  1. Group Discussion: Come together as a class and share your observations from comparing the translations. Discuss the intricacies of translating legal and technical terms, adapting cultural context, and maintaining clarity.
  2. Reflection and Feedback: Reflect on the challenges of translating legal and bureaucratic language. Discuss the importance of conveying accurate information while ensuring the text remains comprehensible for the target audience.

2. Prevention and control of injuries and trauma

  1. Translate the provided English text into Spanish.

Preventing and controlling injuries and trauma are essential components of public health, aimed at reducing both the incidence and impact of these events.

Primary prevention: focuses on strategies that aim to prevent injuries from occurring. This includes public education campaigns that raise awareness about safety measures, such as the importance of using seat belts and helmets. Legislative measures, like laws mandating seat belt use and helmet usage, are crucial for decreasing the number of accidents and injuries. Environmental modifications, including safer road designs and workplace safety regulations, also significantly contribute to preventing injuries.

Secondary prevention: targets the early detection and intervention of trauma cases to minimize the severity of injuries. Key strategies in this area include well-organized trauma triage systems that ensure patients receive timely and appropriate care based on the severity of their injuries. Pre-hospital care protocols, as followed by paramedics and first responders, are vital for stabilizing patients before they arrive at the hospital. Additionally, trauma registries, which collect data on injury outcomes, play an important role by identifying areas for improvement in care and driving enhancements in trauma services.

Tertiary prevention: focuses on minimizing long-term disability and improving recovery outcomes for individuals who have already sustained traumatic injuries. This includes comprehensive rehabilitation programs designed to help patients regain physical function, vocational support that assists individuals in returning to work, and community reintegration services that facilitate social recovery. Collectively, these efforts help reduce the long-term impacts of trauma, ultimately improving the overall quality of life for survivors.

2 Discussing Translation Challenges

  1. Translation Difficulties Discussion: Discuss the challenges you encountered while translating the paragraph in pairs or small groups. Consider intricacies related to Medical terms, cultural concepts, and maintaining the original meaning.
  2. Comparison and Analysis:
    • Classmate 1: Review their translation and identify any differences or similarities compared to your own. Note any distinct phrasing or choices they made.
    • Classmate 2: Analyze their translation and pinpoint any variations in wording, tone, or structure compared to your translation.
    • Classmate 3: Evaluate their translation, focusing on differences or similarities in conveying the original paragraph’s nuances and meaning.
    • Classmate 4: Examine their translation, highlighting any unique approaches or word choices that deviate from your version.

3.  Sharing Insights

  1. Group Discussion: Come together as a class and share your observations from comparing the translations. Discuss the intricacies of translating legal and technical terms, adapting cultural context, and maintaining clarity.
  2. Reflection and Feedback: Reflect on the challenges of translating legal and bureaucratic language. Discuss the importance of conveying accurate information while ensuring the text remains comprehensible for the target audience.

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