39 Prepositions and prepositional pronouns

Most common prepositions in Spanish include:

  • De=of, from
  • En=in, at, on
  • Con=with
  • Sin=without
  • A=to
  • Desde=from, since
  • Hasta=to, until
  • Para=in order to, towards
  • Por=by
  • En OR encima de=on, above
  • Debajo de=under, below, benath (no difference)

If you are going to place a pronoun after the preposition, you need to include:

  • Mí=me after a preposition: de mí, en mí, sin mí, a mí, para mí
  • Ti=you after a preposition: de ti, en ti, sin ti, a ti, para ti

Examples:

  • ¿Tú piensas en ?=Do you think about me?
  • Sin ti no puedo vivir=Without you I can’t live.
  • Este regalo es para ti=This gift is for you.
  • No voy a salir sin ti=I’m not going to leave without you.

All others are the same as subject pronouns:

  • Yo trabajo con ella. (=I work with her)
  • Todos los días pienso en él. (=Everyday I think in him).
  • Yo no quiero ir con usted. (=I don’t want to go with you-formal)
  • ¿Por qué estás enojado con nosotras? (=Why are you angry with us-feminine?)
  • Yo los conozco bien a ellos (=I know them to them very well.)

After the preposition CON=with, the preposition collapses with the next pronoun forming a unique word:

  • with me=contigo
  • with you=conmigo

Examples:

  • Yo quiero salir contigo=I want to go out with you.
  • ¿Tú estás enojado conmigo?=Are you angry with me?
  • Me gusta estudiar contigo=I like to study with you.
  • Mi papá habla por teléfono conmigo=My father talks over the phone with me.

Sample conversations

Stating names of companion

Conjugate in the present indicative and add companion:

A: ¿Con quién __________ (add tú verb)? =With whom do you __________?

B: Yo __________ (add yo-verb) con __________ (add name of companion).

Sample verbs: vivir (=to live), comer (=to eat), trabajar (=to work), textear (=to text), janguear (=to hang out)

Companion: mi novio OR mi novia (=boyfriend or girlfriend), mi amigo OR mi amiga __________ (add name), mi compañero OR mi compañera de clase (=classmate) OR de trabajo (=coworker) OR de cuarto (=roommate) __________ (add name)

Inviting someone to do something with you:

Invite someone to do something by adding a verb in the infinitive, and picking the right form CONMIGO or CONTIGO:

A: ¿Quieres __________ (infinitive) conmigo OR contigo?

B: Sí, quiero __________ (infinitive) conmigo OR contigo.

  • Quieres pronounced /kyéres/=you want
  • Quiero pronounced /kyéro/=I want

Sample verbs for invitation: barrer (=sweep), bailar (=to dance), salir (=to go out), jugar juegos de video (=play video games), venir (=come here), caminar (=to walk), masticar chicle (=to chew gum), pasar el rato OR janguear (=to spend the time), invertir dinero (=invest money), arrendar un apartamento (=to rent an apartment)

If you refuse, state why:

No, no quiero __________ (infinitive) contigo porque (=because) __________________________ (add reason for refusal).

Expressions that justify your refusal: tengo que estudiar (=I have to study), tengo que trabajar (=I have to work), no tengo dinero (=I don’t have money), estoy cansado OR cansada (=I’m tired), mi mamá no me deja (=my mom doesn’t let me), no veo bien (=I don’t see well), no oigo bien (=I don’t hear well), estoy lesionado OR lesionada (=I’m injured)

On and below

Describe the following picture by adding the words ENCIMA DE (=on) or DEBAJO DE (=under):

A: ¿Dónde está EL or LA __________ (=add item)?

B: Está ENCIMA DE or DEBAJO DE la cama.

On: chair, mermaids, blanket, pillow, unicorn, pants, backpack, brush, scissors, skirt Below: balloon, t-shirt, markers, sharpener, glue, xylophone, paper, pen, ruler, freesbee
El cuarto de mi hija. Picture by Ana M. Díaz-Collazos. CC BY-NC-SA

Items: Camiseta (=Tshirt), cama (=bed), marcadores (=markers), mochila (=backpack), pegante (=glue), cobija (=blanket), papel (=paper), unicornio (=unicorn), almohada (=pillow), globo (=balloon), plato (=fressbee), dragón (=dragon), silla (=chair), sacapuntas (=sharpener), cepillo (=brush), pantalones (=pants), falda (=skirt), cinta (=tape), cuaderno (=notebook), pañuelo (=tissue)

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Multigrade Spanish and Caribbean Music Copyright © by Ana Maria Diaz Collazos is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book